Description
Indian Polity
Indian polity encompasses the structure and functioning of the government based on the Constitution of India, with distinct branches such as judiciary, executive, and legislature, each comprising multiple sub-branches and components that collectively govern the country and ensure its democratic functioning.
Main Branches of Indian Polity:
1. Judiciary:
Supreme Court of India; High Courts; District Courts and various other subordinate courts
2. Executive: The executive branch comprises:
President of India; Prime Minister of India; Union Council of Ministers (Cabinet Ministers)
3. Legislature: The legislative branch includes:
Rajya Sabha (Council of States); Lok Sabha (House of the People); State Legislative Assemblies and Councils
The Constitution of India
The Constitution of India is a meticulously crafted document that not only outlines the basic framework of governance but also embodies the principles of democracy, secularism, and fundamental rights that are essential to the nation's identity and functioning. Its depth and detail make it a cornerstone of India's legal and political landscape.
1. Supreme Law of India: The Constitution serves as the supreme law of India, laying out the fundamental framework that delineates the structure, powers, and duties of the government and its institutions, as well as the rights and responsibilities of its citizens.
2. Foundation of Democracy and Secularism: It forms the backbone of India's democratic and secular fabric, providing the fundamental rules and regulations for the administra- tion of the country.
3. Longest and Detailed Constitution: The Indian Constitution holds the distinction of
being the longest written constitution in the world. It is also renowned for its extensive
detail, covering a wide range of political principles, procedures, and powers of the
government.
4. Incorporation of Features: The framers drew upon elements from various other constitutions, including British, Irish, Swiss, French, Canadian, and American, while tailoring them to suit India's unique socio-political context.
5. Federal System with Unitary Features: The Constitution establishes a federal system by dividing powers between the central government and state governments. Despite this federal structure, italso includes unitary features such as strong centralauthority, emergency provisions, and the appointment of Governors by the President.
6. Fundamental Rights and Duties: The Constitution guarantees a comprehensive list of Fundamental Rights to Indian citizens, ensuring their freedoms and protections. Additionally, it outlines Fundamental Duties, a list of responsibilities that citizens are expected to uphold towards the nation.